1 00:00:37,380 --> 00:00:34,860 hi welcome to 7:30 I'm your host Beth 2 00:00:39,960 --> 00:00:37,390 Wilson and we are coming to you live 3 00:00:42,150 --> 00:00:39,970 from the moving beyond Earth gallery in 4 00:00:45,360 --> 00:00:42,160 the National Air and Space Museum in 5 00:00:47,430 --> 00:00:45,370 Washington DC and today helping me out I 6 00:00:52,280 --> 00:00:47,440 have some students from Whittier 7 00:00:55,759 --> 00:00:52,290 education campus also Washington DC I 8 00:00:58,619 --> 00:00:55,769 think we're ready to go all right so 9 00:01:01,770 --> 00:00:58,629 we're gonna talk about space food today 10 00:01:05,130 --> 00:01:01,780 and the first thing I have is a little 11 00:01:07,620 --> 00:01:05,140 challenge for you all okay so you guys 12 00:01:09,330 --> 00:01:07,630 have got 30 seconds I'm gonna walk 13 00:01:14,390 --> 00:01:09,340 around and we're gonna guess what this 14 00:01:48,360 --> 00:01:14,400 is okay let's go what do you think it is 15 00:01:56,100 --> 00:01:53,780 oh okay so I had some really interesting 16 00:01:58,980 --> 00:01:56,110 guesses this time my favorite was 17 00:02:01,620 --> 00:01:58,990 crocodile legs but actually what this is 18 00:02:04,650 --> 00:02:01,630 is this is space food from the Mercury 19 00:02:06,930 --> 00:02:04,660 Gemini missions so very early on in our 20 00:02:09,180 --> 00:02:06,940 travels into space we were eating food 21 00:02:11,340 --> 00:02:09,190 that looked like this well we're going 22 00:02:15,330 --> 00:02:11,350 to talk a little bit more about some 23 00:02:19,440 --> 00:02:15,340 food and I have another great guest here 24 00:02:22,020 --> 00:02:19,450 chef Kay she is the author of phat taste 25 00:02:23,730 --> 00:02:22,030 little phat and you can tell she's a 26 00:02:25,710 --> 00:02:23,740 real chef because she is dressed like a 27 00:02:29,370 --> 00:02:25,720 chef and thank you so much for being 28 00:02:32,670 --> 00:02:29,380 here today okay so chef Kay what do our 29 00:02:35,400 --> 00:02:32,680 bodies need from food well nutrition is 30 00:02:37,230 --> 00:02:35,410 a important part of everything we do so 31 00:02:39,060 --> 00:02:37,240 I like to think of it almost like a 32 00:02:41,550 --> 00:02:39,070 rocket cuz we're there and Space Museum 33 00:02:43,710 --> 00:02:41,560 right so think of the structure is 34 00:02:45,150 --> 00:02:43,720 everything you need it's a protein first 35 00:02:47,130 --> 00:02:45,160 and you're going to build muscle 36 00:02:49,170 --> 00:02:47,140 structure with that bone structure and 37 00:02:52,320 --> 00:02:49,180 let everything you know be your strong 38 00:02:54,090 --> 00:02:52,330 point there then a minerals and the 39 00:02:55,740 --> 00:02:54,100 vitamins all come from fruits and 40 00:02:57,600 --> 00:02:55,750 vegetables and that's going to be more 41 00:02:59,340 --> 00:02:57,610 your circuitry keeping it everything 42 00:03:01,140 --> 00:02:59,350 communicating properly you know you guys 43 00:03:03,750 --> 00:03:01,150 are seeing and touching and tasting all 44 00:03:06,300 --> 00:03:03,760 of that skin everything it'll keep that 45 00:03:08,100 --> 00:03:06,310 in line then you need carbs carbs are 46 00:03:10,050 --> 00:03:08,110 the fuel basically it gives you the 47 00:03:11,490 --> 00:03:10,060 energy carbohydrates and that'll get 48 00:03:14,370 --> 00:03:11,500 your rocket off the ground so you're 49 00:03:17,070 --> 00:03:14,380 ready to go through the day okay so why 50 00:03:19,260 --> 00:03:17,080 should we care about what we eat well 51 00:03:20,940 --> 00:03:19,270 that's gonna affect how you're feeling 52 00:03:23,070 --> 00:03:20,950 it's gonna affect your energy level 53 00:03:24,600 --> 00:03:23,080 that's gonna affect your mood it's gonna 54 00:03:25,949 --> 00:03:24,610 affect your growing you guys are all 55 00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:25,959 growing right now so you need to make 56 00:03:28,770 --> 00:03:27,010 sure that you're eating everything 57 00:03:30,720 --> 00:03:28,780 important for your muscles and your 58 00:03:33,630 --> 00:03:30,730 bones to do what they need to do develop 59 00:03:36,780 --> 00:03:33,640 and what exactly goes into a nutritious 60 00:03:39,090 --> 00:03:36,790 meal I see we've got some stuff in on 61 00:03:40,229 --> 00:03:39,100 the table here so proteins let's talk a 62 00:03:42,330 --> 00:03:40,239 little bit about what goes into 63 00:03:43,830 --> 00:03:42,340 nutrition right proteins we started with 64 00:03:46,259 --> 00:03:43,840 can anybody tell me so is that meat 65 00:03:48,360 --> 00:03:46,269 everybody knows that beans we have nuts 66 00:03:49,890 --> 00:03:48,370 here that gives you all kinds of the 67 00:03:52,440 --> 00:03:49,900 structure building that we were talking 68 00:03:54,420 --> 00:03:52,450 about the vegetables the brighter the 69 00:03:57,000 --> 00:03:54,430 colors the better you get more minerals 70 00:03:58,890 --> 00:03:57,010 and vitamins from those this is kale and 71 00:03:59,680 --> 00:03:58,900 I've got a pepper I've got apple when 72 00:04:01,780 --> 00:03:59,690 you're eating veg 73 00:04:03,190 --> 00:04:01,790 two bulls and fruits you need to eat the 74 00:04:05,380 --> 00:04:03,200 fruit a lot of people think that 75 00:04:06,670 --> 00:04:05,390 drinking the fruit juice it works but 76 00:04:08,050 --> 00:04:06,680 it's actually a lot of sugar you 77 00:04:10,810 --> 00:04:08,060 actually need the fiber and everything 78 00:04:12,490 --> 00:04:10,820 that the fruit can provide so then you 79 00:04:14,620 --> 00:04:12,500 have your carbohydrates you have some 80 00:04:17,320 --> 00:04:14,630 good fats fat is actually something kind 81 00:04:19,270 --> 00:04:17,330 of like oxygen we need it and this is a 82 00:04:21,460 --> 00:04:19,280 avvocato which is filled with a lot of 83 00:04:23,410 --> 00:04:21,470 fat but it's a good fat and that's 84 00:04:24,790 --> 00:04:23,420 something that we store if you're low on 85 00:04:26,800 --> 00:04:24,800 carbs or you're low on everything and 86 00:04:28,600 --> 00:04:26,810 your energy is low then your body starts 87 00:04:30,400 --> 00:04:28,610 going into the fat to search for the 88 00:04:33,010 --> 00:04:30,410 energy so that's kind of your reserve 89 00:04:35,140 --> 00:04:33,020 fuel tank and I think we've got 90 00:04:36,820 --> 00:04:35,150 questions from the audience and we might 91 00:04:42,840 --> 00:04:36,830 have some online questions as well so 92 00:04:50,020 --> 00:04:47,620 what was the the easiest thing you 93 00:04:52,510 --> 00:04:50,030 probably ever will cook the easiest 94 00:04:54,370 --> 00:04:52,520 thing I've ever made um I would probably 95 00:04:58,420 --> 00:04:54,380 say do you mean like a whole meal or 96 00:05:01,300 --> 00:04:58,430 just one thing the whole meal um you 97 00:05:02,740 --> 00:05:01,310 know I I I think of a making a chicken 98 00:05:04,570 --> 00:05:02,750 breast or something like that pretty 99 00:05:06,040 --> 00:05:04,580 easier scrambled eggs scrambled eggs are 100 00:05:08,680 --> 00:05:06,050 pretty easy to make in here can you make 101 00:05:11,790 --> 00:05:08,690 this yeah alright excellent I think 102 00:05:15,100 --> 00:05:11,800 we've got a question over here how did 103 00:05:17,590 --> 00:05:15,110 how did you start making space for food 104 00:05:19,240 --> 00:05:17,600 I started making food yeah I actually 105 00:05:21,159 --> 00:05:19,250 just make all the nutritional meals 106 00:05:23,110 --> 00:05:21,169 that's not make for everybody but I 107 00:05:24,670 --> 00:05:23,120 started out in Italy when I was about 108 00:05:27,640 --> 00:05:24,680 all you guys his age I was living over 109 00:05:29,710 --> 00:05:27,650 there and I began learning from all the 110 00:05:31,360 --> 00:05:29,720 Mamas and the grandmas all the fresh 111 00:05:33,310 --> 00:05:31,370 fruits and vegetables and herbs and 112 00:05:34,750 --> 00:05:33,320 spices that you can put into everything 113 00:05:37,150 --> 00:05:34,760 to make sure you were having a healthy 114 00:05:39,370 --> 00:05:37,160 healthy but delicious meal so that's 115 00:05:43,240 --> 00:05:39,380 what got me started and we have an 116 00:05:45,820 --> 00:05:43,250 online question okay can dessert be 117 00:05:47,110 --> 00:05:45,830 healthy yes sir I can yep if you're 118 00:05:49,090 --> 00:05:47,120 gonna go with fruits and you want to 119 00:05:51,070 --> 00:05:49,100 slice fruits we actually have apple 120 00:05:53,050 --> 00:05:51,080 crisp that I do that's in my book and 121 00:05:54,760 --> 00:05:53,060 we'd have you slice the apples thinly 122 00:05:56,080 --> 00:05:54,770 just do a slight topping on there we 123 00:05:57,760 --> 00:05:56,090 leave out all the butter that's in like 124 00:05:59,320 --> 00:05:57,770 apple cobblers and stuff and we can 125 00:06:02,320 --> 00:05:59,330 still make it a really low lean and 126 00:06:04,930 --> 00:06:02,330 healthy vitamins and minerals going for 127 00:06:07,000 --> 00:06:04,940 it healthy people okay you've got a 128 00:06:08,330 --> 00:06:07,010 question yeah I almost say that how do 129 00:06:11,750 --> 00:06:08,340 you make like rough 130 00:06:14,180 --> 00:06:11,760 due to hard food what's that how do you 131 00:06:16,480 --> 00:06:14,190 make real food was too hard for too hard 132 00:06:21,470 --> 00:06:16,490 food yeah I think you're jumping ahead 133 00:06:22,580 --> 00:06:21,480 real food like would you send the spin 134 00:06:25,190 --> 00:06:22,590 sorry 135 00:06:26,810 --> 00:06:25,200 oh that's where they dehydrated actually 136 00:06:27,920 --> 00:06:26,820 suck all the moisture out of it and 137 00:06:29,330 --> 00:06:27,930 we're gonna actually have somebody 138 00:06:31,160 --> 00:06:29,340 that's going to talk to you from the 139 00:06:32,870 --> 00:06:31,170 Space Center in Houston that will get 140 00:06:36,650 --> 00:06:32,880 back with you later so catch up on that 141 00:06:39,590 --> 00:06:36,660 okay got a question was a firm you to 142 00:06:41,480 --> 00:06:39,600 make what's that what's your favorite 143 00:06:43,490 --> 00:06:41,490 you my favorite meal is probably my beef 144 00:06:47,570 --> 00:06:43,500 bourguignon I love that and it goes over 145 00:06:50,780 --> 00:06:47,580 rice any other questions 146 00:06:53,120 --> 00:06:50,790 oh we got one here is being a chef your 147 00:06:58,040 --> 00:06:53,130 favorite job absolutely 148 00:06:59,960 --> 00:06:58,050 I love vanishes okay how much steak 149 00:07:04,550 --> 00:06:59,970 should you eat and maybe a day 150 00:07:06,020 --> 00:07:04,560 yeah a day well about four ounces unless 151 00:07:11,450 --> 00:07:06,030 you want to eat steak each meal then I 152 00:07:16,640 --> 00:07:11,460 guess you could do four ounces each okay 153 00:07:21,470 --> 00:07:16,650 so we did an activity earlier and you 154 00:07:24,440 --> 00:07:21,480 all put together some healthy meals so 155 00:07:26,810 --> 00:07:24,450 do you do you want to tell us what 156 00:07:33,050 --> 00:07:26,820 ingredients did you use and what did you 157 00:07:37,640 --> 00:07:33,060 create making it a Sally 158 00:07:41,660 --> 00:07:37,650 um we use like meat and what else and 159 00:07:45,470 --> 00:07:41,670 chips and the dessert was supposed to be 160 00:07:47,690 --> 00:07:45,480 imminent ray the desserts M&Ms and what 161 00:07:50,480 --> 00:07:47,700 unhealthy stuff did you can I see yet 162 00:07:53,120 --> 00:07:50,490 soda in here but you you you've used a 163 00:07:55,670 --> 00:07:53,130 lot of healthy stuff didn't you yes good 164 00:07:58,820 --> 00:07:55,680 I think we've got someone over on with 165 00:08:00,980 --> 00:07:58,830 chef K absolutely so in your box I had 166 00:08:04,160 --> 00:08:00,990 some hummus I add some cheese and a 167 00:08:05,960 --> 00:08:04,170 Milky Way bar and I had some other candy 168 00:08:08,540 --> 00:08:05,970 bars and then you had some apples and a 169 00:08:13,700 --> 00:08:08,550 muffin what did you guys come up with we 170 00:08:16,910 --> 00:08:13,710 came up with we did apples and muffins 171 00:08:19,760 --> 00:08:16,920 with peanut butter and we 172 00:08:21,710 --> 00:08:19,770 with dessert okay so it's like a dessert 173 00:08:24,890 --> 00:08:21,720 snack you very nice good and still 174 00:08:27,850 --> 00:08:24,900 healthy excellent okay and in your box I 175 00:08:30,290 --> 00:08:27,860 see you had tomatoes and Pop Tarts and 176 00:08:32,660 --> 00:08:30,300 bacon and eggs so what did you guys come 177 00:08:36,140 --> 00:08:32,670 up with for your healthy meal oh you 178 00:08:38,450 --> 00:08:36,150 came up with egg and bacon tomato 179 00:08:40,040 --> 00:08:38,460 burrito is it sort of like a breakfast 180 00:08:45,020 --> 00:08:40,050 burrito yep would you eat this for 181 00:08:47,390 --> 00:08:45,030 breakfast yep okay okay so I had over 182 00:08:50,300 --> 00:08:47,400 here this team I gave you guys some mini 183 00:08:53,180 --> 00:08:50,310 donuts I gave you some gummy bears some 184 00:08:54,860 --> 00:08:53,190 garbanzo beans sliced peppers and a 185 00:08:56,570 --> 00:08:54,870 granola bar right a couple pieces of 186 00:09:01,700 --> 00:08:56,580 bread would you come up with we came up 187 00:09:03,500 --> 00:09:01,710 with the Peavy pepper and apple oh honey 188 00:09:05,150 --> 00:09:03,510 sounds excellent that's a good 189 00:09:06,770 --> 00:09:05,160 combination with a little garbanzo bean 190 00:09:08,510 --> 00:09:06,780 garnish around there so you can eat on 191 00:09:09,980 --> 00:09:08,520 that good you stuck with the healthy you 192 00:09:13,340 --> 00:09:09,990 left out the gummy bears and the donuts 193 00:09:14,720 --> 00:09:13,350 excellent way to go okay so on this 194 00:09:18,560 --> 00:09:14,730 table it looks like you had cinnamon 195 00:09:21,260 --> 00:09:18,570 toast crunch cookies and do you want to 196 00:09:25,880 --> 00:09:21,270 tell me what's in in this one gauge how 197 00:09:27,410 --> 00:09:25,890 much carrot and rice and what's on the 198 00:09:29,360 --> 00:09:27,420 cup is cinnamon toast crunch 199 00:09:30,950 --> 00:09:29,370 okay and then you actually create a 200 00:09:32,990 --> 00:09:30,960 dessert too didn't you you want to tell 201 00:09:35,630 --> 00:09:33,000 us about this concoction here is a 202 00:09:37,900 --> 00:09:35,640 cookie oh do you mr. Kish 203 00:09:40,310 --> 00:09:37,910 and a gentleman toast concept Bonnie 204 00:09:42,980 --> 00:09:40,320 okay so you have to eat the good stuff 205 00:09:45,200 --> 00:09:42,990 before you eat the dessert right yes 206 00:09:46,910 --> 00:09:45,210 very nice who I met today I'm very nice 207 00:09:48,650 --> 00:09:46,920 I like the combination there excellent 208 00:09:50,510 --> 00:09:48,660 so I got a full milk okay on this box 209 00:09:52,610 --> 00:09:50,520 what we have over here we had a candy 210 00:09:55,460 --> 00:09:52,620 bar we had some Cheetos and a little bit 211 00:09:58,640 --> 00:09:55,470 of tuna and we had some crackers right 212 00:10:03,440 --> 00:09:58,650 so what did you come up with uh I came 213 00:10:04,910 --> 00:10:03,450 up with I can't look tuna crackers and 214 00:10:08,750 --> 00:10:04,920 tomato and some Hot Cheetos and I've 215 00:10:10,370 --> 00:10:08,760 mixed it into like a bread bread you can 216 00:10:12,620 --> 00:10:10,380 either like breakfast and then lunch 217 00:10:14,660 --> 00:10:12,630 breakfast or lunch okay excellent 218 00:10:17,000 --> 00:10:14,670 and you left out the candy bar you know 219 00:10:19,880 --> 00:10:17,010 you did good nutrition I think we've got 220 00:10:21,110 --> 00:10:19,890 some very nutritious meals here and now 221 00:10:23,750 --> 00:10:21,120 what we're gonna do is we're going to 222 00:10:25,010 --> 00:10:23,760 take we have actually in our collection 223 00:10:26,930 --> 00:10:25,020 space food 224 00:10:29,780 --> 00:10:26,940 we're going to take a look at some of 225 00:10:34,430 --> 00:10:29,790 the more unusual artifacts that we have 226 00:10:37,190 --> 00:10:34,440 here in our museum collection I'm here 227 00:10:39,860 --> 00:10:37,200 today with a curator Valerie Neal and 228 00:10:43,040 --> 00:10:39,870 we're taking a look at some space food 229 00:10:45,230 --> 00:10:43,050 and Valerie I'm curious how did we get 230 00:10:46,580 --> 00:10:45,240 these very strange-looking soft drink 231 00:10:50,000 --> 00:10:46,590 cans in our collection 232 00:10:53,510 --> 00:10:50,010 well coca-cola and Pepsi approached NASA 233 00:10:56,720 --> 00:10:53,520 about flying soft drinks in space in an 234 00:10:59,660 --> 00:10:56,730 early shuttle mission in the early 1980s 235 00:11:02,660 --> 00:10:59,670 this was a time known as the cola wars 236 00:11:04,790 --> 00:11:02,670 when Coke and Pepsi were very 237 00:11:07,160 --> 00:11:04,800 competitive with each other each wanting 238 00:11:09,020 --> 00:11:07,170 to be the number one soft drink provider 239 00:11:12,140 --> 00:11:09,030 in the world and what could be cooler 240 00:11:15,920 --> 00:11:12,150 than to be the first soft drink in space 241 00:11:18,350 --> 00:11:15,930 so why soft drinks well they thought 242 00:11:20,420 --> 00:11:18,360 that maybe the crews would like to have 243 00:11:23,630 --> 00:11:20,430 a greater variety in their beverage 244 00:11:26,210 --> 00:11:23,640 selection the astronauts had always been 245 00:11:27,950 --> 00:11:26,220 accustomed to powdered drinks and they 246 00:11:30,770 --> 00:11:27,960 thought that maybe they'd like to have a 247 00:11:32,810 --> 00:11:30,780 good all-american soft drink while they 248 00:11:34,850 --> 00:11:32,820 were in space but there are problems 249 00:11:37,910 --> 00:11:34,860 with that yeah I can see they've got 250 00:11:40,340 --> 00:11:37,920 these bizarre tops on them exactly if 251 00:11:43,730 --> 00:11:40,350 you were to pop the top of a soft drink 252 00:11:46,280 --> 00:11:43,740 can in space it would spew everywhere 253 00:11:48,830 --> 00:11:46,290 and make a big mess or even if you 254 00:11:51,650 --> 00:11:48,840 twisted the cap it would float out of 255 00:11:54,470 --> 00:11:51,660 the bottle so the companies put some 256 00:11:56,780 --> 00:11:54,480 time and effort into devising a special 257 00:12:01,160 --> 00:11:56,790 soft drink can for use in weightlessness 258 00:12:03,050 --> 00:12:01,170 and Coke developed a device on top that 259 00:12:05,840 --> 00:12:03,060 you would actually put in your mouth and 260 00:12:08,330 --> 00:12:05,850 push the button and it would squirt the 261 00:12:10,970 --> 00:12:08,340 soft drink into your mouth and then 262 00:12:14,180 --> 00:12:10,980 Pepsi did an adaptation of a standard 263 00:12:16,100 --> 00:12:14,190 shaving cream can or a whipped cream can 264 00:12:18,440 --> 00:12:16,110 where again you would put the little 265 00:12:22,640 --> 00:12:18,450 spigot on top right into your mouth and 266 00:12:24,770 --> 00:12:22,650 drink that way and just a shaving cream 267 00:12:28,610 --> 00:12:24,780 and whipped cream come out pretty foamy 268 00:12:30,800 --> 00:12:28,620 so did Pepsi and so did Coke for that 269 00:12:33,590 --> 00:12:30,810 matter the crews were not really 270 00:12:35,220 --> 00:12:33,600 impressed with the taste or the mix of 271 00:12:37,620 --> 00:12:35,230 carbonation and 272 00:12:40,860 --> 00:12:37,630 syrup and is it in there just the way an 273 00:12:42,540 --> 00:12:40,870 ordinary coke can or Pepsi can is no 274 00:12:44,460 --> 00:12:42,550 there's actually structure inside the 275 00:12:47,880 --> 00:12:44,470 can to keep the carbonation and the 276 00:12:50,610 --> 00:12:47,890 syrup separate so that they would mix at 277 00:12:52,320 --> 00:12:50,620 the point of drinking and they tried 278 00:12:54,480 --> 00:12:52,330 different combinations and they never 279 00:12:57,200 --> 00:12:54,490 got the taste quite right or the 280 00:13:01,950 --> 00:12:57,210 consistency quite right well how do you 281 00:13:03,990 --> 00:13:01,960 keep an ice cold soft drink in space 282 00:13:05,910 --> 00:13:04,000 well that was also part of the problem 283 00:13:08,040 --> 00:13:05,920 there's no refrigerator on the Space 284 00:13:10,140 --> 00:13:08,050 Shuttle and so they had to drink at room 285 00:13:12,180 --> 00:13:10,150 temperature and who likes to drink a 286 00:13:15,780 --> 00:13:12,190 warm soft drink no not me not the 287 00:13:18,660 --> 00:13:15,790 astronauts well thank you very much it's 288 00:13:25,080 --> 00:13:18,670 very interesting history on cola wars in 289 00:13:27,150 --> 00:13:25,090 space ok so now from NASA's Johnson 290 00:13:30,630 --> 00:13:27,160 Space Center in Houston Texas 291 00:13:35,940 --> 00:13:30,640 we have food scientists dr. Grace 292 00:13:39,780 --> 00:13:35,950 Douglas joining us hi grace hello grace 293 00:13:45,270 --> 00:13:39,790 can you tell us how important is food to 294 00:13:47,700 --> 00:13:45,280 astronauts food is incredibly important 295 00:13:49,770 --> 00:13:47,710 to our crew members they're on the 296 00:13:52,500 --> 00:13:49,780 International Space Station for around 6 297 00:13:54,780 --> 00:13:52,510 months and it is a very unfamiliar 298 00:13:56,820 --> 00:13:54,790 environment it's not very home-like so 299 00:13:58,140 --> 00:13:56,830 the familiarity of the food and the 300 00:14:00,240 --> 00:13:58,150 comfort they can get from the food the 301 00:14:01,800 --> 00:14:00,250 variety the choices they have the health 302 00:14:03,330 --> 00:14:01,810 aspects they can get out of the food are 303 00:14:05,220 --> 00:14:03,340 all very important meal times are 304 00:14:07,170 --> 00:14:05,230 incredibly important to the crew members 305 00:14:08,490 --> 00:14:07,180 just similar to mealtimes here it's fun 306 00:14:10,620 --> 00:14:08,500 to eat with your friends it's great to 307 00:14:12,060 --> 00:14:10,630 eat with your family holiday occasions 308 00:14:14,220 --> 00:14:12,070 where everyone gets together are still 309 00:14:16,200 --> 00:14:14,230 very important to crew in flight so we 310 00:14:18,600 --> 00:14:16,210 want to provide them with the variety 311 00:14:21,690 --> 00:14:18,610 and with the familiarity of food that 312 00:14:24,270 --> 00:14:21,700 they would have here on earth ok so now 313 00:15:30,780 --> 00:14:24,280 we're going to take a look at some 314 00:15:36,040 --> 00:15:33,970 hey grace this is chef K I just wanted 315 00:15:37,600 --> 00:15:36,050 to ask you so we saw that fun that 316 00:15:42,660 --> 00:15:37,610 they're eating how do they actually 317 00:15:47,199 --> 00:15:45,220 we have several different kinds of food 318 00:15:50,259 --> 00:15:47,209 we have many of our foods are 319 00:15:52,139 --> 00:15:50,269 freeze-dried and so we prepare them so 320 00:15:55,179 --> 00:15:52,149 something like macaroni and cheese or 321 00:15:57,009 --> 00:15:55,189 potatoes au gratin and then we remove 322 00:15:58,780 --> 00:15:57,019 the moisture here on earth and they can 323 00:16:00,489 --> 00:15:58,790 add that moisture back once they get 324 00:16:01,869 --> 00:16:00,499 into flight and eat it when they get 325 00:16:03,519 --> 00:16:01,879 there and this preserves the food 326 00:16:06,040 --> 00:16:03,529 without the moisture microorganisms 327 00:16:08,379 --> 00:16:06,050 can't grow and so they can keep the food 328 00:16:10,090 --> 00:16:08,389 for a long amount of time without 329 00:16:11,559 --> 00:16:10,100 refrigerators and without freezers which 330 00:16:13,900 --> 00:16:11,569 they do not have on the International 331 00:16:15,970 --> 00:16:13,910 Space Station additionally we have 332 00:16:17,530 --> 00:16:15,980 several thermos stabilized products 333 00:16:20,319 --> 00:16:17,540 their retort thermos stabilized so it's 334 00:16:21,999 --> 00:16:20,329 canned food in a flexible pouch and all 335 00:16:23,590 --> 00:16:22,009 of our packaging is flexible and 336 00:16:27,730 --> 00:16:23,600 lightweight so it's easy to stow and 337 00:16:30,790 --> 00:16:27,740 launch into flight we have several items 338 00:16:33,790 --> 00:16:30,800 that come from the commercial grocery 339 00:16:35,319 --> 00:16:33,800 store such as candies and crackers and 340 00:16:37,239 --> 00:16:35,329 we repackage them for flight because 341 00:16:38,799 --> 00:16:37,249 they can't have crumbs and flights so 342 00:16:40,210 --> 00:16:38,809 you can't just open a bag of cookies 343 00:16:42,489 --> 00:16:40,220 there would be crumbs that would float 344 00:16:44,290 --> 00:16:42,499 out so this way it's a single serving 345 00:16:48,040 --> 00:16:44,300 and they won't have to deal with crumbs 346 00:16:49,689 --> 00:16:48,050 and additionally we repackage them 347 00:16:51,519 --> 00:16:49,699 because it extends their shelf life 348 00:16:52,900 --> 00:16:51,529 things that get launched onto the 349 00:16:55,269 --> 00:16:52,910 International Space Station end up being 350 00:16:57,699 --> 00:16:55,279 there for a year to three years so they 351 00:17:01,769 --> 00:16:57,709 have to have a long quality and safety 352 00:17:04,329 --> 00:17:01,779 shelf-life our drinks are packaged with 353 00:17:07,679 --> 00:17:04,339 so we have powdered drinks and they're 354 00:17:10,539 --> 00:17:07,689 packaged with a septum similarly to the 355 00:17:12,880 --> 00:17:10,549 freeze-dried foods and the septum is a 356 00:17:15,639 --> 00:17:12,890 one-way valve and in flight they can 357 00:17:17,590 --> 00:17:15,649 inject a needle that injects water into 358 00:17:19,990 --> 00:17:17,600 these packages and once they pull the 359 00:17:22,090 --> 00:17:20,000 needle out the one-way valve keeps the 360 00:17:24,250 --> 00:17:22,100 liquid from coming back out and after a 361 00:17:27,880 --> 00:17:24,260 few minutes of massaging the foods they 362 00:17:29,500 --> 00:17:27,890 can cut it open and just eat it with a 363 00:17:32,049 --> 00:17:29,510 spoon or with a fork and there's a 364 00:17:33,730 --> 00:17:32,059 surface tension created by the moisture 365 00:17:35,289 --> 00:17:33,740 in the food that keeps it in the package 366 00:17:38,019 --> 00:17:35,299 or on the spoon or fork while they're 367 00:17:40,659 --> 00:17:38,029 eating and for the drinks they have a 368 00:17:41,470 --> 00:17:40,669 straw that inserts through the one-way 369 00:17:43,270 --> 00:17:41,480 valve and 370 00:17:44,710 --> 00:17:43,280 as a clamp so they can just drink one 371 00:17:46,750 --> 00:17:44,720 sip at a time and clamp it in between 372 00:17:50,080 --> 00:17:46,760 and and the drink doesn't just keep 373 00:17:52,120 --> 00:17:50,090 coming out of the straw okay 374 00:17:53,860 --> 00:17:52,130 well I'm sure it varies from cruda 375 00:17:55,150 --> 00:17:53,870 member to crew member but what would be 376 00:17:56,980 --> 00:17:55,160 like some of the favorite things that 377 00:17:58,480 --> 00:17:56,990 they that they enjoy up there that they 378 00:18:04,020 --> 00:17:58,490 really want you and what challenges you 379 00:18:06,580 --> 00:18:04,030 guys to make them several crew members 380 00:18:08,590 --> 00:18:06,590 say that they like spicy foods they like 381 00:18:10,450 --> 00:18:08,600 things with a little bit more flavor so 382 00:18:14,310 --> 00:18:10,460 we send things like sriracha sauce and 383 00:18:17,049 --> 00:18:14,320 hot sauce but we also have things like 384 00:18:20,919 --> 00:18:17,059 shrimp cocktail which has a spicy sauce 385 00:18:22,750 --> 00:18:20,929 and it and the reason for this could be 386 00:18:24,130 --> 00:18:22,760 due to potentially a few different 387 00:18:26,950 --> 00:18:24,140 factors one of them is there's a fluid 388 00:18:29,470 --> 00:18:26,960 shift to the head in spaceflight and so 389 00:18:30,970 --> 00:18:29,480 it can give them a sensation similar to 390 00:18:32,620 --> 00:18:30,980 having a cold where they don't taste 391 00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:32,630 things as well additionally there's 392 00:18:37,980 --> 00:18:34,970 competing aromas in space wait they're 393 00:18:40,630 --> 00:18:37,990 in an enclosed environment and finally 394 00:18:42,100 --> 00:18:40,640 the aromas don't dissipate the same way 395 00:18:44,350 --> 00:18:42,110 they do on earth they don't rise and 396 00:18:46,000 --> 00:18:44,360 dissipate similarly in microgravity so 397 00:18:48,460 --> 00:18:46,010 they're losing that aroma that they're 398 00:18:50,980 --> 00:18:48,470 getting from the food good interesting 399 00:18:53,080 --> 00:18:50,990 for them I'm sure because a lot of times 400 00:18:55,090 --> 00:18:53,090 what I say down here on earth is that we 401 00:18:56,560 --> 00:18:55,100 eat with our eyes our nose and they're 402 00:18:58,120 --> 00:18:56,570 Roma's and all that that's the first 403 00:18:59,860 --> 00:18:58,130 thing that we get that makes us be ready 404 00:19:01,060 --> 00:18:59,870 to be like oh and that sends it all to 405 00:19:02,860 --> 00:19:01,070 the brain saying I'm ready to eat this 406 00:19:06,130 --> 00:19:02,870 so it's probably effective for them I 407 00:19:08,169 --> 00:19:06,140 understand okay and I think that we have 408 00:19:11,890 --> 00:19:08,179 some questions from the audience 409 00:19:14,740 --> 00:19:11,900 do you have a question mm-hmm why is the 410 00:19:16,659 --> 00:19:14,750 big beans mushy like the baby is 411 00:19:22,509 --> 00:19:16,669 supposed to be like a bean instead of 412 00:19:30,249 --> 00:19:25,159 I'm not sure we want to know why this 413 00:19:34,999 --> 00:19:30,259 you're referring to so we have packaged 414 00:19:38,840 --> 00:19:35,009 being product so like uh in a pouch yes 415 00:19:40,399 --> 00:19:38,850 it's a package and so I think we have 416 00:19:42,710 --> 00:19:40,409 their thermostat they would be thermos 417 00:19:45,799 --> 00:19:42,720 stabilized and in a pouch similar to a 418 00:19:48,710 --> 00:19:45,809 canned food so it would be it would 419 00:19:55,180 --> 00:19:48,720 probably feel squishy er okay and we 420 00:20:02,899 --> 00:20:01,220 is it like always inflated like is I'm 421 00:20:07,730 --> 00:20:02,909 sorry what did you want to repeat that 422 00:20:12,580 --> 00:20:07,740 is the midday Mia why are the macadamia 423 00:20:18,379 --> 00:20:15,649 we pull a vacuum on our packages to 424 00:20:20,149 --> 00:20:18,389 remove the oxygen and it gives our items 425 00:20:22,220 --> 00:20:20,159 a longer shelf life they don't have the 426 00:20:25,340 --> 00:20:22,230 oxygen in them that causes some of the 427 00:20:27,470 --> 00:20:25,350 reactions like rancidity and that can 428 00:20:28,940 --> 00:20:27,480 actually make them feel stiffer so if 429 00:20:30,200 --> 00:20:28,950 you cut that package open and they have 430 00:20:32,570 --> 00:20:30,210 the ability to just to move around 431 00:20:33,619 --> 00:20:32,580 they'll be like normal macadamia nuts 432 00:20:35,840 --> 00:20:33,629 that you would buy at the grocery store 433 00:20:37,730 --> 00:20:35,850 here it's the fact that the vacuum is 434 00:20:41,749 --> 00:20:37,740 pooled that makes it feel stiff and 435 00:20:44,180 --> 00:20:41,759 let's go to an online question can you 436 00:20:50,480 --> 00:20:44,190 AJ would like to know if you can have 437 00:20:52,460 --> 00:20:50,490 dairy in space we don't have 438 00:20:53,989 --> 00:20:52,470 refrigerators or freezers so you can't 439 00:20:56,180 --> 00:20:53,999 have dairy like you would normally think 440 00:20:58,100 --> 00:20:56,190 of it at the grocery store but we do 441 00:21:01,430 --> 00:20:58,110 have nonfat dry milk that they can drink 442 00:21:03,109 --> 00:21:01,440 in a pouch once they rehydrate it in 443 00:21:04,609 --> 00:21:03,119 flight and we also have nonfat dry milk 444 00:21:07,669 --> 00:21:04,619 in the cereals that they can rehydrate 445 00:21:10,399 --> 00:21:07,679 in a freeze-dried type of package and 446 00:21:12,680 --> 00:21:10,409 eat as a cereal and we also have a 447 00:21:16,369 --> 00:21:12,690 yogurt product that's thermo stabilized 448 00:21:17,539 --> 00:21:16,379 in a pouch and so it's not a like a 449 00:21:19,369 --> 00:21:17,549 yogurt that you would find in the 450 00:21:21,619 --> 00:21:19,379 grocery store it but it's a dairy 451 00:21:26,659 --> 00:21:21,629 product and it doesn't need to be 452 00:21:28,909 --> 00:21:26,669 refrigerated hey grace I have a quick 453 00:21:30,230 --> 00:21:28,919 question for you here on earth I have to 454 00:21:32,119 --> 00:21:30,240 chat a lot of challenges that we have 455 00:21:33,499 --> 00:21:32,129 some very special dietary needs that we 456 00:21:33,830 --> 00:21:33,509 have to follow with a lot of things as a 457 00:21:35,210 --> 00:21:33,840 gluten 458 00:21:36,500 --> 00:21:35,220 three different things like that what's 459 00:21:38,000 --> 00:21:36,510 been a challenge for you guys are you 460 00:21:44,029 --> 00:21:38,010 able to accommodate a lot of different 461 00:21:47,120 --> 00:21:44,039 things up there we have not had to 462 00:21:49,159 --> 00:21:47,130 accommodate factors such as that 463 00:21:51,409 --> 00:21:49,169 previously there's a potential that we 464 00:21:54,320 --> 00:21:51,419 will have to in the future currently we 465 00:21:56,149 --> 00:21:54,330 have a standard menu and so the crew has 466 00:21:58,820 --> 00:21:56,159 the same choice every crew member has 467 00:22:00,289 --> 00:21:58,830 the same choice from that standard menu 468 00:22:02,990 --> 00:22:00,299 and then they have some specialty items 469 00:22:05,630 --> 00:22:03,000 that they get in what we call bonus 470 00:22:08,210 --> 00:22:05,640 containers that they can choose but I 471 00:22:11,210 --> 00:22:08,220 would say it would be difficult to 472 00:22:13,909 --> 00:22:11,220 accommodate some of those specialty 473 00:22:16,190 --> 00:22:13,919 conditions without more of a preference 474 00:22:17,659 --> 00:22:16,200 menu which is difficult to do on the 475 00:22:20,630 --> 00:22:17,669 International Space Station as a 476 00:22:22,880 --> 00:22:20,640 complete menu but we could potentially 477 00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:22,890 do that with more of a preference menu 478 00:22:26,450 --> 00:22:24,330 and sending up more food that they 479 00:22:28,730 --> 00:22:26,460 choose it just is difficult it's a 480 00:22:30,440 --> 00:22:28,740 challenge with the way that the resupply 481 00:22:30,860 --> 00:22:30,450 vehicles are launched and when they get 482 00:22:35,269 --> 00:22:30,870 there 483 00:22:37,970 --> 00:22:35,279 and we have another online question what 484 00:22:44,149 --> 00:22:37,980 is the most exotic food you've ever made 485 00:22:47,149 --> 00:22:44,159 for space so most of the foods that we 486 00:22:51,080 --> 00:22:47,159 make in our lab are very familiar 487 00:22:56,480 --> 00:22:51,090 American fare we do have some items that 488 00:22:59,870 --> 00:22:56,490 use curry sauces and we also have some 489 00:23:01,639 --> 00:22:59,880 some items that come from the European 490 00:23:04,340 --> 00:23:01,649 Space Agency and the Canadian Space 491 00:23:06,680 --> 00:23:04,350 Agency and the Japanese space agency and 492 00:23:09,710 --> 00:23:06,690 additionally the Russian space agency 493 00:23:11,240 --> 00:23:09,720 provides some items that for their crew 494 00:23:12,440 --> 00:23:11,250 members that they might share with our 495 00:23:17,260 --> 00:23:12,450 crew member system of those 496 00:23:25,070 --> 00:23:21,350 take a look at some of the packaging 497 00:23:27,830 --> 00:23:25,080 that the students did here earlier today 498 00:23:31,070 --> 00:23:27,840 so I'm gonna send it over to chef K and 499 00:23:32,570 --> 00:23:31,080 okay well we have team blueberry over 500 00:23:34,190 --> 00:23:32,580 here this looks pretty interesting what 501 00:23:40,090 --> 00:23:34,200 did you guys have for your concept that 502 00:23:47,380 --> 00:23:44,430 been in for you and for the ham rice 503 00:23:50,919 --> 00:23:47,390 cursed food was gonna put the top on and 504 00:23:53,380 --> 00:23:50,929 close it more with my tape and with the 505 00:23:56,260 --> 00:23:53,390 cereal we was gonna put bubble wrap on 506 00:23:58,740 --> 00:23:56,270 it with a pipe pipe cleaner okay 507 00:24:01,750 --> 00:23:58,750 excellent okay and let's take a look at 508 00:24:04,150 --> 00:24:01,760 you all had something pretty creative 509 00:24:04,990 --> 00:24:04,160 you were gonna cover it and then what 510 00:24:08,740 --> 00:24:05,000 were you gonna do 511 00:24:11,650 --> 00:24:08,750 Oh boobs gonna put a plate over sides of 512 00:24:14,440 --> 00:24:11,660 that name put the monoi oil and then put 513 00:24:16,480 --> 00:24:14,450 this as the handle and tape it down so 514 00:24:21,850 --> 00:24:16,490 if you like carrying it like this okay 515 00:24:23,590 --> 00:24:21,860 so we had some really great ideas and 516 00:24:25,120 --> 00:24:23,600 chef Katie you've got one more over 517 00:24:26,049 --> 00:24:25,130 there absolutely this team right here 518 00:24:29,230 --> 00:24:26,059 what did you guys have that you're 519 00:24:30,940 --> 00:24:29,240 setting up with the garbanzo the peanut 520 00:24:34,240 --> 00:24:30,950 butter and pepper sandwich you needed to 521 00:24:39,520 --> 00:24:34,250 get that there what do you yeah peanut 522 00:24:40,750 --> 00:24:39,530 butter well how are you packaging two 523 00:24:43,590 --> 00:24:40,760 plates in the foil 524 00:24:47,590 --> 00:24:43,600 two plates in there wrap it for okay 525 00:24:49,480 --> 00:24:47,600 okay I think we have time for one more 526 00:24:52,090 --> 00:24:49,490 do you guys want to tell us how you were 527 00:24:54,880 --> 00:24:52,100 planning on packaging this up we just 528 00:24:57,130 --> 00:24:54,890 planning to wrap it in foil and then 529 00:24:59,590 --> 00:24:57,140 wrap it up and tape to make sure that 530 00:25:05,560 --> 00:24:59,600 nothing falls out the burrito and 531 00:25:08,590 --> 00:25:05,570 damaged astronauts okay so we had a lot 532 00:25:12,070 --> 00:25:08,600 of great ideas I have another question 533 00:25:15,039 --> 00:25:12,080 for grace grace I understand that NASA 534 00:25:18,279 --> 00:25:15,049 is getting ready to do a longer mission 535 00:25:24,159 --> 00:25:18,289 very possibly to Mars how are you going 536 00:25:25,990 --> 00:25:24,169 to prepare food for that long time we 537 00:25:28,720 --> 00:25:26,000 have quite a bit of research going on in 538 00:25:31,149 --> 00:25:28,730 that area right now so our food system 539 00:25:32,740 --> 00:25:31,159 right now the nutrition does degrade in 540 00:25:34,539 --> 00:25:32,750 these prepackaged foods and so does the 541 00:25:36,010 --> 00:25:34,549 quality over time and when you're 542 00:25:37,500 --> 00:25:36,020 looking at a Mars mission you're looking 543 00:25:39,850 --> 00:25:37,510 at a two-and-a-half year mission and 544 00:25:42,430 --> 00:25:39,860 possibly the food would get sent ahead 545 00:25:44,440 --> 00:25:42,440 of the crewmembers because it's a lot of 546 00:25:45,909 --> 00:25:44,450 mass and a lot of volume and so you're 547 00:25:47,560 --> 00:25:45,919 looking at an entire food system that 548 00:25:49,270 --> 00:25:47,570 might be five years old by the time that 549 00:25:50,740 --> 00:25:49,280 they're finishing their mission so we 550 00:25:52,600 --> 00:25:50,750 need to stabilize the nutrition 551 00:25:53,860 --> 00:25:52,610 stabilize the quality of the foods that 552 00:25:55,180 --> 00:25:53,870 they have good nutrition and 553 00:25:57,010 --> 00:25:55,190 high-quality food that they really enjoy 554 00:25:59,440 --> 00:25:57,020 eating throughout that entire length of 555 00:26:01,960 --> 00:25:59,450 time so we are investigating some new 556 00:26:04,060 --> 00:26:01,970 processing technologies new packaging 557 00:26:05,260 --> 00:26:04,070 that can lengthen that shelf-life and 558 00:26:08,049 --> 00:26:05,270 additionally we're looking at options 559 00:26:09,820 --> 00:26:08,059 such as having a pick and eat salad crop 560 00:26:11,740 --> 00:26:09,830 element that would add some fresh 561 00:26:14,530 --> 00:26:11,750 produce to their menu that they could 562 00:26:17,020 --> 00:26:14,540 easily grow in flight and and and have 563 00:26:19,270 --> 00:26:17,030 as a supplement to the prepackaged food 564 00:26:22,150 --> 00:26:19,280 system so there are several options that 565 00:26:23,980 --> 00:26:22,160 we are investigating in order to be to 566 00:26:27,130 --> 00:26:23,990 have a successful food system for a Mars 567 00:26:30,490 --> 00:26:27,140 mission ok and we have an online 568 00:26:33,340 --> 00:26:30,500 question currently can astronauts grow 569 00:26:41,830 --> 00:26:33,350 food in space or is this still in the 570 00:26:44,830 --> 00:26:41,840 research phase we have a unit a veggie 571 00:26:46,840 --> 00:26:44,840 unit that just went up from the Kennedy 572 00:26:49,419 --> 00:26:46,850 Space Center from their space biology 573 00:26:51,310 --> 00:26:49,429 program there and they did grow some 574 00:26:52,810 --> 00:26:51,320 lettuce recently in flight they did not 575 00:26:55,510 --> 00:26:52,820 eat that lettuce at this point it came 576 00:26:58,510 --> 00:26:55,520 back to earth to be tested for 577 00:27:00,730 --> 00:26:58,520 microbiological safety and for its 578 00:27:02,350 --> 00:27:00,740 vitamin content and so in future though 579 00:27:04,510 --> 00:27:02,360 potentially they could use a unit like 580 00:27:08,190 --> 00:27:04,520 that to grow some of these picnic crops 581 00:27:10,990 --> 00:27:08,200 and eat them as part of their meals 582 00:27:17,110 --> 00:27:11,000 Makayla wanted to know what the messiest 583 00:27:21,520 --> 00:27:19,600 we try not to have messy foods for 584 00:27:23,200 --> 00:27:21,530 spaceflight because in microgravity it 585 00:27:25,140 --> 00:27:23,210 would go everywhere crumbs would go 586 00:27:27,760 --> 00:27:25,150 everywhere so we try to keep our foods 587 00:27:29,320 --> 00:27:27,770 contains where the surface tension keeps 588 00:27:31,720 --> 00:27:29,330 them in the package and that there's not 589 00:27:35,140 --> 00:27:31,730 a lot of crumbs so it would be difficult 590 00:27:37,510 --> 00:27:35,150 to pick a messy food it could possibly 591 00:27:39,640 --> 00:27:37,520 be a drink so if it comes out of the 592 00:27:43,600 --> 00:27:39,650 straw and they're trying to chase a 593 00:27:45,910 --> 00:27:43,610 drink that could be considered messy and 594 00:27:48,460 --> 00:27:45,920 chef K believe you have an audience 595 00:27:49,990 --> 00:27:48,470 question I do what you guys I'll say 596 00:27:55,870 --> 00:27:50,000 they're like would you go out to space 597 00:27:57,550 --> 00:27:55,880 where do you keep all the food when they 598 00:27:58,930 --> 00:27:57,560 go into flight right now the food gets 599 00:28:01,030 --> 00:27:58,940 shipped to them periodically and 600 00:28:03,010 --> 00:28:01,040 resupply missions and then they store it 601 00:28:05,020 --> 00:28:03,020 on the International Space Station in 602 00:28:06,760 --> 00:28:05,030 various locations and they actually have 603 00:28:09,040 --> 00:28:06,770 a pantry style food system so they have 604 00:28:10,930 --> 00:28:09,050 different containers of food that they 605 00:28:13,630 --> 00:28:10,940 open so one will be meats and one will 606 00:28:15,840 --> 00:28:13,640 be vegetables and one will be snacks and 607 00:28:19,120 --> 00:28:15,850 so they have a couple of each of those 608 00:28:21,160 --> 00:28:19,130 containers open that they can pick from 609 00:28:25,600 --> 00:28:21,170 pantry style and and and make their 610 00:28:28,510 --> 00:28:25,610 meals well grace thank you so much chef 611 00:28:31,290 --> 00:28:28,520 okay thank you so much Whittier thank